Debate over Japan’s foreign-residents policy is intensifying under the Takaichi administration, focusing on institutional reform via a 'quantitative management' approach and possible caps for certain visa categories. As of June, the number of foreign residents stood at about 3.96 million, up roughly 1.8 times in a decade; the 2019 introduction of the Specific Skills visa helped drive growth. The foreign-resident share of Japan's population was 3.21%, with projections of 10.8% by 2070. Among visa statuses, permanent residents number about 930,000 (roughly a quarter of all foreign residents), followed by the 'Technology/Humanities/International Services' visa (技人国) at about 460,000, which has grown about 1.6 times in five years. The government is considering upper limits on some statuses to guide intake.