As of January 2025, Japan had about 3.67 million foreign residents, up 1.7 times from 2015, with Tokyo home to about 720,000 residents (up from about 410,000). The foreign-resident share in Tokyo is 5.15%, higher than the national average of 2.96%. The largest group in Tokyo is Chinese (around 280,000), followed by Koreans, Vietnamese, Nepalis and Filipinos. The growth is driven by government policy since 2018 to address labor shortages, including the 2019 introduction of the Specified Skilled Worker visa for 14 sectors; Tokyo hosts about 22,000 with that status. Other statuses such as Technical Intern Training and Engineer/Humanities/International Services also employ many. Tokyo’s student visa holders rose from about 70,000 to 141,000 in four years. Tokyo also aims to foster a safer, more inclusive society under its Multicultural Coexistence Promotion Guidelines, though language, education and welfare remain challenges.